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Bolsa Família ((:ˈbowsɐ faˈmiliɐ), ''Family Allowance'') is a social welfare program of the Brazilian government, part of the Fome Zero network of federal assistance programs. Bolsa Família provides financial aid to poor Brazilian families; if they have children, families must ensure that the children attend school and are vaccinated. The program attempts to both reduce short-term poverty by direct cash transfers and fight long-term poverty by increasing human capital among the poor through conditional cash transfers. It also works to give free education to children who cannot afford to go to school to show the importance of education.〔(Decree nº 5.209, de 17 de setembro de 2004 – Regulates a Law-010.836-2004 – Bolsa Família Program. )〕 The Economist described Bolsa Família as an "anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America () is winning converts worldwide."〔(''Happy families: An anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America is winning converts worldwide.'' The Americas: Brazil in ''The Economist'' print edition, MACEIÓ: Feb 7th 2008 )〕 The program was a centerpiece of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's social policy, and is reputed to have played a role in his victory in the Brazilian presidential election, 2006. Bolsa Familia is currently the largest conditional cash transfer program in the world, though the Mexican program Oportunidades was the first nationwide program of this kind.〔(Família: Changing the Lives of Millions in Brazil, The World Bank, Aug/22/2007 )〕 The Bolsa Familia program has been mentioned as one factor contributing to the reduction of poverty in Brazil, which fell 27.7% during the first term in the Lula administration.〔(BRANDÃO JR., Nilson Brandão e ARAGÃO, Marianna. ''Miséria no Brasil cai 27,7% no 1º mandato de Lula'', Economia e Negócios, O Estado de S. Paulo, 20/09/2007, p. B14 )〕 Recently the Center of Political Studies of the Getulio Vargas Foundation has published a study showing that there was a sharp reduction in the number of people in poverty in Brazil between 2003 and 2005.〔(''FGV divulga estudo mostrando redução da miséria'', Reuters, 21/09/2006 )〕 Other factors include an improvement in the job market and real gains on the minimum wage.〔 About 12 million Brazilian families receive funds from Bolsa Família, which has been described as "the largest programme of its kind in the world."〔 By February 2011, 26% of the Brazilian population were covered by the program. == History == Bolsa Escola, a predecessor which was conditional only on school attendance, was pioneered in Brasilia by then-governor Cristovam Buarque. Not long after, other municipalities and states adopted similar programs. President Fernando Henrique Cardoso later federalized the program. In 2003, Lula formed Bolsa Família by combining Bolsa Escola with Bolsa Alimentação and Cartão Alimentação (all part of Lula's Fome Zero anti-hunger program) and Auxílio Gas (a transfer to compensate for the end of federal gas subsidies). This also meant the creation of a new Ministry – the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (Ministry for Social Development and War Against Hunger). This merger reduced administrative costs and also eased bureaucratic complexity for both the families involved and the administration of the program. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bolsa Família」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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